Treatment Research for Multiple Myeloma (MM)

Treatment Research for Multiple Myeloma (MM) ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological neoplasm that appears after transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells. MM is characterized by a heterogeneous genetic aberrations and very different clinical outcomes (Avet-Loiseau, . Boyd KD). Although treatments for MM have increased by develop new and more sophisticated therapeutics drugs such an immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs)( Shaji K. Kumar, Raghupathy, Antonio Palumbo) the marked variability of responses indicate that larger studies will be required. Currently, identification of cytogenetic abnormalities is performed by conventional karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. However, these disorders are not sufficient to explain the malignant phenotype given that are also observed in premalignant states of MM such a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) or smoldering myeloma(SM)(Bergsagel, Hideshima). This finding justifies the need for a comprehensive screening of genetic abnormalities in MM patients, which has not been incorporated in the medical workup yet. Recently, the introduction of massive sequencing of patient genome using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has considerably increased the understanding of the biological features of MM. Many works have described the complex and heterogeneous mutational profile of MM patients(bolli nuevo, walker). Whole Exome Sequency (WES) studies in newly diagnosis MM patients have confirmed that more than 50 genes are mutated in the first manifestation of disease (walker). However, only few genes have been detected recurrently mutated at diagnosis, including KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, DIS3, TP53 and FAM46C, and only TP53 mutations have been recurentelly associated with poor survival. In addition, other studies have assessed the clonal evolution over time, pointing out that systemic treatment with chemotherapy may affect the livelihood of some subclones more than others, and thus may influence the tumor evolution over time(Egan JB, bolli, Keats JJ, ) The introduction of targeted studies allows the detection of mutations even with very low allele frequencies at an affordable price, allowing the incorporation of extensive genetic studies to the clinical workup. In the last years, several groups have applied this approach in order to achieve a better patients stratification and prognosis prediction. Although many studies have highlighted the importance of the subclonal landscape in MM and many efforts have been undertaken to stratify patients and predicts their responses, there is no clear relation between sensitives or refractories clones to treatment, and more information about the prognostic impact of this subclonal profile in series of homogeneously treated MM patients is needed. A large number of clinical trial are being carried out with this aim, unify treatments in order to study more effectively the impact of genetic alterations in prognosis. In this work, newly diagnosis MM patient homogenously treated have been genetically characterized using a combination of the most recent techniques, including FISH and ultra-deep targeted sequencing. We applied the highest read depth described in the literature with the aim to detect minority subclones ignored to date. We also integrated these data with the clinical features to find out new patterns of behavior, relate them with survival and reveal new insight into the complexity of clonal and subclonal architecture of MM. Patient samples Samples were taken from the available 79 newly diagnosed MM patient enrolled in the clinical trial GEM10MAS65 (registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01237249). This is a phase III trial where patients older than 65 years were randomly assigned between two treatments arms: sequential melphalan/prednisone/Velcade (MPV) followed by Revlimid/low dose dexamethasone (Rd) versus alternating melphalan/prednisone/Velcade (MPV) with Revlimid/low dose dexamethasone (Rd). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were measured from the starting date of the treatment. The median time to progression was 26.4 months with a median follow up of 31.5 months. Targeted sequencing and mutation calling Positive plasma cells CD138 were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and DNA was extracted using AllPrep DNA/RNA mini kit (Quiagen). Only 20 ng of DNA were used to prepare libraries using Ampliseq Library Kit 2.0. We also sequenced DNA from the 15 available CD138 negative fractions in order to filter out potential artifacts and corroborate detection sentivity. Samples were sequenced using Ion Torrent platform (IonProton, Thermofisher, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using the M3P gene panel (Mayo Clinic, Arizona). This panel spreads out over 77 genes frequently mutated in MM, which are related to critical pathophysiological pathways, associated to drug resistance or targetable with molecular drugs [paper mayo kortum etal]. Quality filter and alignments was performed using Torrent Suit software (Life Technologies) Single nucleotide variants were calling and annotated using Ion Reporter software applying in-house modifications in call variants process. Variants listed in Single Nucleotide Polimorph ism database (dbSNP, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP/) were excluded from samples without germline available, as well as variants that were detected in multiple samples. In addition, to test the ability of the workflow previously described, we applied a novel bioinformatics pipeline developed by Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO). All reported mutations were detected by both bioinformatics approaches. The integrative genomic viewer (IGV) was used to visualize the read alignments, single variants and correct sequencing errors due to homopolymer regions. Statistical analysis All statistical analysis was performed using the statistical environment R. Correlation coefficients between mutated genes and cytogenetic aberrations was assessed and plotted using corrplot (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/corrplot/). Differences in survival were tested using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression was employed to obtain hazards ratios (HR) and evaluated at 5% of significance level. A second approach called LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) was performed to detect relevant variables among clinical, cytogenetic and mutated genes.   Further details can be found in Data Supplement. RESULTS Mutated genes and altered pathways (cambiar tà ­tulo) We sequenced 79 tumor samples with a mean coverage depth of 1600X. The minimum coverage of the detected variants was 60X and the average coverage 370X. We identified 170 nonsynonymous missense/nonsense/stoploss single variants, 81 of them (48%) were predicted pathogenic by Sift and Polyphen and 61 (36%)   have been described in COSMIC data base.   85% of patients harbored at least 1 mutation with a median of 2.1 mutations per patient. We detected mutations in 53 genes (Figure1), although 6 genes accounted the 39% of the total number of mutations; KRAS= 21.5%, DIS3= 19%, NRAS= 16.5%, BRAF= 10.1%, TP53= 8.8% and ATM= 7.6% of the patients.  Ã‚   48% of patients (38/79) presented at least one mutation in genes envolved in RAS/MAPK pathway, being the most frequently mutated pathway. 72 and 100% of variants in KRAS and NRAS respectively were detected in the hotspot codons 12, 13 and 61, and the targetable V600E BRAF mutation was detected in 1 patient. (Figure 2 supplemental?). NFKB p athway was the second most frequently mutated in our cohort, accounting for the 15% of all mutations distributed in 25 % of the patients (19/79). This pathway included TRAF3 (5 mutations, one nonsense and 4 missense) and TRAF2 (3 missense mutation) all of them predicted pathogenic by Sift and Polyphen. Other pathways importantly altered in the cohort were MYC in 11% of patients (9/79), cereblon and ciclyn both in 9% of patients (7/79). Multiple mutations within the same gene were observed in 11 patients: 4 of whom harbored 2 and 3 mutations within DIS3 (patient 1-24= Glu501Lys and Phe120Leu at 8 and 53 % of VRF, patient 2-236= Asp487His and Asp479Glu at 4 and 21 of VRF respectively, patient 3 321= Tyr753Asn and Glu126Lys at 2 and 58 % of VRF respectively and patient 4-42 = Arg820Trp, Gly249Glu and at 14, 20 and 24% of VRF respectively). Other 2 patients showed 2 and 3 mutation in KRAS (patient 5-168= Gly13Asp and Gln61His at 9 and 13 %of VRF and patient 6-269 = Tyr71Asp, UTR3 in exon 6 and Gln61Glu at 3, 15 and 37 % of VRF respectively; 2 patients with 2 mutation in NRAS(patient 7-177= .Gln61Lys   and Gly12Ala at 5 and 12% of VRF respectively and patient 8-257=   Gln61Glu   and Gly12Ala at 5 and 6% of VRF respectively), one patient with 3 mutations in MAX (patient 9-190= Arg36Lys , Arg35Leu and Glu32Val at 10, 20 and 26 %of VRF), one patient with 3 mutations in TRAF3 (patient 10-40 = Lys453Asn, His136Tyr   and Phe445Leu 8, 11 and1 3% of VRF) and one patient with 2 mutation in TP53 (patient 11-40 = Asp208Val   and Glu204Ter at 35 and 36% of VRF respectively). Variant Read Frequency study The VRF found in our cohort were diverse.   We detected 50% of variants (85/170) below 25% of VRF and 27% (46/170) below 10% (Figure 2). KRAS (n=5) DIS3 (n=5), BRAF (n=4), NRAS (n=4), and TP53 (n=3) were the genes that harbored the largest number of low frequency mutations (Figure 2). KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and TP53 mutations were, in all cases, lower than 50% of VRF while DIS3 showed mutations in a broad range (from 2 to 85%)(Fig3). ). Most of DIS3 mutations with VRF

Cyber Forensics: Development of a Case Hypothesis Essay

Throughout time past, forensic science disciplines have helped solved numerous crime investigations and it has given impelling testimony in the area of court trials. In order to reduce the sagacity of siding or bias situation and avoidance in prosecuting innocent victims, it is important to analyse, validate and have proper presentation of digital evidence in the context of cyber forensics examinations. [1] (Noblett et al, 2000) in this essay we will discuss on various topics that describe, explain or illustrate on issues such as the processes that assist in the development of a case hypothesis and as well as alternative hypothesis. It will also cover the processes in which how validation check and test are conducted to determine the accuracy of the digital evidence. Furthermore, we will look into the deductive, inductive and abductive reasoning in the field of cyber forensics. Lastly, the essay will also cover on the processes that would improve the communication and presentation of case analysis to the solicitors and courts. INTRODUCTION Before the term cyber forensics was introduced in the late 1960s, most crimes are formally solved using traditional forensic science disciplines. Before the first PC computer was invented, crimes in those days were not as complicated as compared to today. In this introduction section, we will distinguish between what is forensic science and how it is different from cyber forensics. Forensic science depends on the capability of the research scientists to develop a case report based on the outcome of a scientific review. For instance , a DNA report analysis of a murder case can be undertaken without the prior knowledge of the victim’s name or exact situation of the crime.[2] (Chakraborty, R.1990) On the contrary, cyber forensics science’s main focus is driven on information discovered during the investigation. However the challenge lies in the search hunt of valid and admissible evidence in the media storage of a computer. The average storage capacity of a PC is approxima tely 300-500 Gigabytes; therefore it is tough to totally scan through every single file stored on a suspect’s computer system, let alone those computer networks. [3] [Casey, E. (2004] PROCESSES THAT ASSIST TO DEVELOP CASE HYPOTHESIS /ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS Before  we develop a case hypothesis or alternate hypothesis, there are several procedures and guidelines that a forensic investigator must follow and do. Firstly, the investigators must construct a hypothesis of the occurrence which is based on the study of the evidence. On the other hand, the degree of rigidity of this hypothesis also relies upon the type of investigation. For instance, an Interpol police investigation would require the preparation of a detailed hypothesis with discreet and meticulous proper documentation to support specimens identified during the examination.[4] [Ó Ciardhuà ¡in, 2004]In the case of a police investigation , the hypothesis will be presented before a jury however the hypothesis drawn in a company will be handled by the management. Technically the hypothesis will be verified and an alternate hypothesis as well as supporting evidence will be presented before a jury. The investigators will need to affirm the legitimacy of their hypothesis and protect it against any critics or provocation. In the event if the challenge is successful, there will be a need to backtrack to the earlier stages to collect and search for more evidences so as to construct a better hypothesis. Talking to the experts AKA† Hot tubbing† is widely used for coexisting evidence. This process involves the court to put several expert witnesses on the stand together which will in turn saves much time and resources. Moreover, there are two main types of witnesses’ testimony at a trial, deposition or hearing. They are technical or scientific witness testimony and expert witness testimony. [5][Enfinger, 2006] As for technical or scientific witness, the investigator would need to present details of evidence that were discovered during the investigation. They would be asked to describe what was discovered and how it was acquired. During the compilation of the evidence , the investigator must ensure that the evidence collected must be legal and done appropriately with the permission of the owner and the suspect as well as a search warrant or hot pursuit. Also, it is essential that exculpatory and inculpatory evidence is presented. [6] [Cohen, 2006] On the other hand , the investigator would draft out the chains of events that have certain connections and linkage to form the chain of custody which is basically a documentation or paper trail displaying the seizure, control, transfer, analysis, custody and deposition of physical or digital. Apart from the chain of custody, there is another process known as the chain of Inference which is also referred as concatenate inferences.  These inferences between the weak and the strong ones build upon one another until they reduce the gap between the defendant and the conclusion to a manageable distance. The concatenate inferences process may be interpreted by fabricating a hypothetical scenario. The purpose of constructing a chain of inferences is to convince a fact finder that the desired conclusion is the most plausible sequence of events. On top of this, it is also vital to internalise the difference between evidence and inference before the development of a hypothesis or the reconstruction of the crime scene. With that comes the formation of crime scene timelines which is an efficient method to derive a conclusion. It is a graphical chart that illustrates the activity time line of crime scene sorted based on the sequence of events. These log entries displayed a unique chain of events that culminate in the incident which is a closer step towards proving a case. [8] [Stephenson, 2000] Another important process is testing, analysing and reporting. Testing is to ensure that all evidence both physical and electronic gathered must be verified and gone through quality check by scientific personnel to affirm the originality [without contamination] as well as how this proof of evidence would be of any aid to solve the crime. Analysis deals with what are the issues identify and intention of the crime act and for each issue how it can be addressed, documented, tested and verified. Lastly this analysis will be written down and documented as a report. [9] [Robert F. Winch and Donald T. Campbell, 1969]

What Everyone Is Saying About Sample of a Research Paper Is Dead Wrong and Why

What Everyone Is Saying About Sample of a Research Paper Is Dead Wrong and Why It is preferable to use total sentence outline structure, if your paper ought to be formatted in MLA. The papers might be rejected if they don't apply the APA format. A superb outline is a significant element in writing a very good paper. Completing an MLA outline will make sure your research paper format is accurate. Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. Regardless of what research paper outline you're considering, you will want to consider how your research is going to be backed up. Research is a good example of the way in which a gradual focusing of research will help to define how to compose a hypothesis. The Bizarre Secret of Sample of a Research Paper The best type of essay starts with the ideal form of topic, so take time to choose something which works for you. In case you're not able to do the research paper as a result of any reason, you can rely on ProfEssays to write for yo u in accordance to your requirements. The experiment will test whether or not a person could keep giving electric shocks to a different individual simply because they are told to achieve that. You'll discover our payout procedure to be fast, friendly and secure, and our staff always ready to go the additional mile to satisfy your requirements. Choosing Good Sample of a Research Paper A research paper is a very long kind of written document related to the definition of results from a person's extensive research about a specific topic. Research Paper preparation means handling a great deal of information. The previous section of the Introduction states the aim of the research. It's very probable that if performing said research, other sources might have to be used. Life, Death and Sample of a Research Paper If you would like to purchase a research paper, online writing service like ours is exactly what you will need. All the ideal research paper examples begin with a great research paper outline. Research papers can be quite scary initially, but there's a secret weapon that may help you overcome a number of that fearThe Outline. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. Research papers are almost always exciting to read. You are able to include as many details as you desire. A title page isn't required in a normal MLA report. It is usually in the centre of the page and is a brief summary of the topic. These pages give you a few questions to answer, then allow you to push a button to acquire an individual works-cited entry. Sample of a Research Paper Secrets The most essential part of the paper will incorporate a discussion about the present research being done on this issue. A research paper outline, though, will additionally have a hypothesis or thesis as a portion of the introduction. Check the subsequent manual to realize where you'll find essay examples. Utilizing an outline template can assist the student organize the paper and eliminate the ideas that aren't pertinent to the aim of the e ssay. Sample of a Research Paper Secrets That No One Else Knows About An outline is going to be a reminder for you to include all the essential subtleties in it. It is meant to help you establish a structure for a paper you are going to write. Besides a report outline and a presentation outline, a research paper outline is among the most typical types of outlines you're very likely to encounter in any particular field. A very simple outline but it's vitally important to follow it. Take a look at our price calculator to determine what your perfect price for the paper is! An outline can help you organize your principal suggestions and determine the order in which you're likely to write about them. In any case, you'll certainly like our price policy. Sooner or later, you are going to find that all of the research paper examples will allow you to start and get you moving in the correct direction for you to accomplish the most effective possible mark you are able to. It's als o logical to compose a more thorough outline for yourself even in case the requirements are different. As a variant, you can make a list of potential outline headings, and then, in the procedure for writing or even at the very last stages, you could decide on the most suitable choices. A consistent structure ought to be used in the key headings and the subheadings. Additionally, among the critical purposes of an outline is to clearly convey the relationship between the thesis and every one of the topic sentences. When you submit your paper, make sure to keep a safe copy. You may order a plagiarism report to go for your purchase. Occasionally it can help determine the manner in which you structure your papers. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. You can also state which type of approach it is you will use in your paper for the full discussion of your topic. The debut of the research paper outline should have a thesis or hypothesis that illustrates the claim the paper is attempting to prove. There are various ways and distinct approaches to compose a thesis statement. After reading the thesis, there ought to be no doubt precisely what the research will be about. Top Sample of a Research Paper Choices You can also see tentative outlines. A template is a kind of design that's already formatted in your document so you can get started writing on opening it. One of the very first suggestions that you need to entry level graphic design cover letter sample is to search for individual information before you set out to search for different sources. A well-made outline is crucial in locating substantial info and keeping track of large quantities of information from a research paper. Even in case you have necessary data, it can be pretty difficult to present it in a proper systematic manner in line with the rules of formalization. You will shortly locate the official data about us. Finding the most expertly crafted methods to bec ome absolutely free research papers online may be a challenging job only with the proper drive and attitude it can develop into a simple job. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. In the event you need assistance with research paper outline or some help with academic writing, don't hesitate to use our expert services. To guarantee that you will locate a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that is always online. The Sample of a Research Paper Game The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the majority of our clients require is essay writing. The sub topics will have to be written in capital letters. You can rely on the very best essay help online. Our research paper outline templates can help you save plenty of time and money.

The Medias Dependence On Technology - 1510 Words

The Screens of Evil Since the beginning of time, humans have strived to live simpler lives. We have spent generations, creating innovations within technology to ensure our lives would always be more simplistic than those who lived centuries before us. People now have the ability to update their Facebook status’, map the human genome to target strands of DNA that can be disastrous to one’s health, send out amber alerts nationwide, and create plants that are resistant to pesticides. Innovation in technology has led to advancements in many fields such as medicine, law enforcement, and entertainment which has inevitably changed the way society operates. However, with the abundance of technology available, society has developed an unhealthy†¦show more content†¦In Carolyn Gregoire’s article â€Å" Babies And iPads Might Not Be Such A Great Combination After All†, she discusses a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics that suggests children under the age of two should have little exposure to games and media. Children’s brains grow rapidly during the first years of life and â€Å"...young children learn best by interacting with people, not screens† (Gregoire). Unfortunately, it has become common for parents to rely on technology to distract or â€Å"teach† their children. However, Loren Frank, a psychologist at the University of California, explains that when the brain is being constantly stimulated you begin to prevent the learning process. The psychologist also mentions that allowing our brains to have downtime is essential for solidifying our experiences and developing them into permanent memories (Greenblatt). Studies have shown that when children are able to play with materials that help build foundations for understanding concepts and skills, they are given the ability to make solid connections that create pathways that stimulate the brain (Carlsson-Paige). Moreover, it is not just the youth that is being targeted by technology, but the human population at large. A vital aspect of our daily lives is communication. The internet, and the social

Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age

Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age (Free Executive Summary) http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11896.html Free Executive Summary Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age James Waldo, Herbert S. Lin, and Lynette I. Millett, Editors, Committee on Privacy in the Information Age, National Research Council ISBN: 978-0-309-10392-3, 456 pages, 6 x 9, hardback (2007) This free executive summary is provided by the National Academies as part of our mission to educate the world on issues of science, engineering, and health. If you are interested in reading the full book, please visit us online at http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11896.html . You may browse and search the full, authoritative version for free; you†¦show more content†¦Economic approaches to the question have centered around the value, in economic terms, of privacy, both in its role in the information needed for efficient markets and in the value of information as a piece of property. Sociological approaches to the study of privacy have emphasized the ways in which the collection and use of personal information have reflected and reinforced the relationships of power and influence between individuals, groups, and institutions within society.  Copyright  © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. This executive summary plus thousands more available at http://www.nap.edu Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11896.html  ENGAGING PRIV ACY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN A DIGITAL AGE Key to any discussion of privacy is a clear specification of what is at stake (what is being kept private) and the parties against which privacy is being invoked (who should not be privy to the information being kept private). For example, one notion of privacy involves confidentiality or secrecy of some specific information, such as preventing disclosure of an individual’s library records to the government or to one’s employer or parents. A second notion of privacy involves anonymity, as reflectedShow MoreRelated Privacy in a Digital World Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesPrivacy in a Digital World The history of privacy in the United States is a storied one. The context of the 4 th Amendment to the Constitution has been debated for years to determine if the â€Å"right to privacy† is a constitutionally guaranteed right. Additionally, many people are technologically ignorant of what behaviors and activities will put them at risk. The â€Å"Carnivore† is a good example of an historic digital technology that generated privacy concerns. The Carnivore was a digital intelligenceRead MoreCyber Bullying : A Vital Concern Of Many Families And Schools Across The World1331 Words   |  6 PagesShanice Duncan November 16, 2014 Computing and information Professor: Dawit Demissie Cyber Bullying In today’s digital age, cyberbullying has become such a vital concern of many families and schools across the world. With its increasing saliency certain states in the United States have developed laws against it and school districts are enforcing polices to combat it. Although similar in concept, cyberbullying and bullying are different. BullyingRead MoreThe Freedom Of Information Act743 Words   |  3 Pagesfederal level, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) has been the vital basis for access claims, many of which have been litigated with varying results. Among the nine statutory exemptions to a citizen’s right of access under FOIA, those most likely to precipitate privacy tensions are Exemptions 6 and 7c. The first of these relates to information such as personnel and medical files, the disclosure of which would â€Å"constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy.† Exemption 7c excludes recordsRead MoreIs The Absolute Security On The Internet?1561 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding privacy on technology, such as the Internet. With technology, people can do all sorts of things and socialize with people from different places. However, people shouldn’t trust digital technology so easily when it involves disclosure of private information. With digital technology being so advanced today, people’s privacy is in danger that demonstrates cybersecurity, tracking, and abuse of one’s personal information for negative purpose. People shouldn’t disclose personal information as thereRead MoreA Brief Note On Facebook And Mental Wellness1576 Words   |  7 PagesName Professor WXY 28 November 2014 Facebook and mental wellness Modern technology already took place into our social life. The way we communicate with each other has been reshaped and redefined by some of the developments of science. For example Facebook, Skype, Twitter, Cell phones, Laptops, Tablets, Hangout and many more networking devices and tools replacing traditional ways of socialization. Can you think about living without a cell phone in your pocket or a laptop/tablet in the study room?Read MoreHow An Organization Utilizes The Power Of Digital Media Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe advent of digital media in today’s day and age has widened and ultimately transformed how organizations communicate with prospective and current customers. Web videos, e-books, and social media have each shaped the communication strategies organizations employ to engage customers. Organizations are fundamentally changing the business ecosystem by using digital media tools in unique and creative ways. Synopsis This case study will aim to demonstrate examples of how an organization utilizesRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media On Youth1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthat social media is having a multitude of possible effects on teenagers. This literature review will analyze research of the positive and negative effects social media are having on today’s impressionable youth. Much of the research focuses on the age range of 10-16 from well-to-do families and college students. Understanding the online environment that teenagers live in can help parents relate to their children and teach then about the dangers and benefits of being on the Internet. ResearchersRead MoreThe Cell Phone Usage Between Partners1679 Words   |  7 PagesGenerally speaking, if there is an unbalance in cell phone usage between partners someone is bound to feel ignored. Engaging in technology separate to a partner encourages a disconnection rather than a connection. (Bilton, 2014) Also stated by Bilton, disconnection in relationships leads to feelings of dissatisfaction and compromises any sense of safety, attachment and control. Privacy, Trust, and Freedom seem to be essential terms revolving around the topic of relationship satisfaction. â€Å"PartnersRead MoreSocial Networking Sites and Privacy1155 Words   |  5 Pagesa part of everyone’s daily routine. Nonetheless, recently privacy concerns over the social networking sites have taken its peak. Background It all started several decades back, when information technology developments succeeded but had put personal privacy into danger. The data base technology was the first development in information technology which made it possible to â€Å"collect, store and retrieve† great amounts of â€Å"digitized information†. After sometime, many organizations started using electronicRead MoreInstructional Planning For Learner Development Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesdiverse cultures, and diverse communities to promote student learning in safe, collaborative, engaging, inclusive, 21st century learning environment† (PLO 2014). Puckett (2013) reported â€Å"technology tools can assist teachers in differentiating by content, process, and product in response to learner characteristics† (sec. 1.6). Students especially those with special needs benefit tremendously when technology, the common core standards, and the 21st century skills are integrated in the teaching and learning

High School Teacher Free Essays

In your own words explain the symptoms of Shame Leisure’s Syndrome and its causes. What do we learn about Seamless sister Pure in this chapter? Who does Shame blame for his syndrome? Question 2: What does Shame feel about the story of how he got his name? What image does Shame use to describe his father and his keenness to tell the story of Seamless naming to unsuspecting Victims’? Why do you think he uses this comparison? Do you think it is effective? Why/why not? Question 3: Who or what does Seamless father dress up as in the hospital the day Shame is born? Why does he do this? Question 4: Who is Herman Melville and why does Shame describe him as the ‘real culprit’ in the curse of Shame Lesser? Question 5: What does Barry Bagley do that makes Shame describe him as a ‘mad dog mauling a shoe? Question 6: What method does Shame use to survive going to the same school as Barry Bagley? How does Shame sum up Year Nine at SST Daniels Boys College? Question 7: Write down a list of words Shame uses to describe his new teacher Miss Tarragon. Why do you think he says she won’t survive the term? Do you think he will be right or wrong? Explain your response. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Teacher or any similar topic only for you Order Now Question 8: What conclusions do you think Miss Tarragon might draw about Shame from his ‘Five Amazing Things about Me’ list? Question 9: What challenge does Miss Tarragon put to the class? Why should Barry Bagley have ‘listened carefully? What did Shame know about Miss Tarragon after just one day? Question 10: What effect does his encounter with Miss Tarragon have on Barry Bagley and his treatment of Shame? Question 1 1: Why does Shame decide not to turn around and go home another way when he sees Barry and the others bullying the primary school boy? How to cite High School Teacher, Papers

Employee Security Risk In Organizational Settings †Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Employee Security Risk In Organizational Settings? Answer: Introducation In current organization and corporation aspect, mobile devices are more consumer-oriented and the devices are susceptible to changes the way of business. The computing power in business entirely casts influence over allowing consumers and employees to replace traditional end-user computing device with laptop (Al Ayubi et al., 2016). The BYOD concept increase security concerns and puts every organization in verge of multiple risks and threats. Organizations in different sectors such as banking, retailing, information technology, financial, and online clientele, have significant level of consideration for incorporating BYOD into business. The organizations need to deal with new level of security considerations and data threats with personal and corporate data. The risk management over personal and business data should consider appropriate level of risk mitigation planning (Faulds et al., 2016). Therefore, the complications in this situation should devise a policy as protection of data, staffs, and customer is critical for any business to grow with its potential to the fullest. Ownership of data is becoming more of an issue within business that operates in regulated market. Several organizations have planned to implement Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy so that employees can be allowed to utilize their favorite devices with bringing down costs to accommodate devices. The BYOD policy-based work model is expected to complicate the data control and policies for organizations that can increase importance of having well-developed policy (Laudon Laudon, 2016). Successful implementation of mobile device policy can incorporate BYOD initiative into business. The entire life cycle of project can be covered with BYOD initiatives as well. The project and outcomes can be achieved with utilization of discipline of project management; however, the PMP strategy is not expected to provide guarantee though, the PMP strategy can increase chances of meeting all planned outcomes (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2016). The project management tools are necessary for Altium Limited organization to successfully implement BYOD project inside IT department and development workforce. E very project is ephemeral with pre-defined start and derived end date; the projects do not completely depend over on-going work activities and responsibilities (Steelman, Lacity Sabherwal, 2016). In this Altium Limited organizational aspect, the BYOD project is part of planned deliverables and a defined period. The project deliverables are mentioned as per project initiatives and objectives; the deliverables included all activities in a short overview. First and primary activity for BYOD project should be to prepare Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy. The policy should be documented with clear understanding about the policy guidelines, all aspects that should be obeyed from employees and how the policy should work (Kearns, 2016). The project management can follow Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle over the entire lifecycle. Next activity that should be included into the list of deliverable is to declare the BYOD policy and the policy should be clearly described among all employees so that they can easily follow the guidelines and maintain the rules. Furthermore, the project deliverable is to provide necessary training and start a pilot project (Sadgrove, 2016). The aim of the pilot project is to start the policy for some period to assess the employees as in whether they are capable of following the policy guidelines and rules or not. In case, any employee failed to follow the policy guideline; they should be trained for a certain time. Furthermore, the project deliverable should be to activate the BYOD policy into the workflow of Altium Limited organization. The assumptions are considered to conduct the project within the boundary or the entire work process. The major assumptions in the project are mentioned as following: The employees should understand the BYOD policy importance and should attempt to follow the guidelines and rules (Singh, Chan Zulkefli, 2017). The BYOD policy should written with considering all aspects and depicting individual guidelines as well. The policy should be incorporated into existing work process of Altium Limited organization without hampering the overall profitability and stability of workflow (Sebescen Vitak, 2017). However, some risk concerns exist in the project as in data security risks, authentication problems, and putting personal and corporate data at stake by having vulnerabilities in personal devices. Security Posture BYOD project has some major impacts on the implementation process; the Altium Limited organization should follow this section to realize whether the organization can meet business requirements or not. BYOD project influences are included in this section so that significant benefits of BYOD project can be addressed (Martinez, Borycki Courtney, 2017). The review of project impacts are considered and mentioned as following: Saving of Expenditure: Initially, the assumption about BYOD project is that the project have ability to being down expenditure as the employees are using their personal devices in case of using organization provided devices (Peltier, 2016). However, recent statistics from study revealed that 67% of the European IT professionals felt that BYOD could increase cost and to some extent, this conception could be right. It is clear that BYOD policy is major part for starting a business case; though these costs required to be specified and offset costs against other advantages (Tanimoto et al., 2017). Therefore, the question arises how the cost increased; the discussion pinpointed the reasons here. Firstly, there is vocal minority that will require BYOD scheme for several employees who does not want to be involved in these initiatives. The employees over median incomes are not agreed to be involved in the scheme as they are unprepared and they refuse to bear any cost for personal device (Filkins et al., 2016). This represents that in case someone wants to start a company based program then the employer need to provide adequate financial support and incentive for buying personal device. Furthermore, when money is provided to the employees are part of income tax, therefore, privately purchased device cost will be increased with non-reclaimable sales tax (VAT) (Trewin et al., 2016). Hence, the actual cost will be considered exponentially more than the organization has bought; if both costs are compared side-by-side. In similar perspective, the Smartphone Allowance is between AU$30 to AU$50 and this expense can be more rather than corporate negotiations. Secondly, the increased Wi-Fi coverage is another reason for growing BYOD policy scheme and at the same time, the organization needs to provide better Wi-Fi coverage than before due to BYOD initiatives (Russell, 2016; Lobelo et al., 2016). When employees are capable of bringing personal devices such as laptops, phone, and tablet using IP addresses; then the existing network should be upgraded. This issue has tendency to occur in educational institutions where numerous students need Wi-Fi coverage; however, Altium Limited organization needs to consider this issue as well. Finally, due to security risks in BYOD policy, the organization needs to consider Mobile Device Management (MDM) with security solution. The security solution should be able to catalogue the devices, and the security policies should be applied (Shedden et al., 2016). Once, a device is either lost or stolen; the devices should be wiped clean or devices should be locked before the data is visible to unauthorized persons. There are not only negative aspects of the BYOD policy; some positive aspects are visible with BYOD policy as well. The positive aspects are listed as following: The organization can offer top-up values to the employees so that they can buy better devices for helping to improve productivity and work performance (Souppaya Scarfone, 2016). The employee ownership of device may convey that the devices can last longer as employees will take care of their devices. The organization can have better profit in support section, as the support goes down at significant level. For instance, employees can perform the upgrade of iOS device typically and therefore, no intervention from employer is required (Reid Pechenkina, 2016). The employer does not need to be involved in the support work when BYOD scheme is activated; employee forum and discussion works much better and reducing cost as well. Increment in Productivity: Productivity is another important part of BYOD business case that acts as primary driver. Primary reason is that BYOD can bring increment in productivity. In spite of 30 minutes of email interaction that every employee needs to do before starting work and that mails were sent after their previous shift hours (Dorsemaine et al., 2017). Now, in BYOD scheme, the employees can check and view the emails at their home, on the way to office or while sitting at home on following evening. This reason increases work hours inside office at conservative estimate of 10%. Whereas, if this is viewed in another aspect; employees can take advantage of BYOD with having personal devices for Twitter and Facebook during work hours (Gillon, 2017; Dawson, 2016). However, those employees will be easily identified when they will seek for more time in other ways. BYOD can improve daily productivity of workforce by providing technology to people without having access to technology at all. Meeting Employees Satisfaction at work: BYOD is identified as tool for attracting and retaining employees taking younger staffs at work. Recent studies have presented that 20-30 year aged employees conveyed that 50% of them consider BYOD as a right not a privilege (Martinelli Milosevic, 2016). Therefore, as year goes around, if BYOD is not implemented; some bright employees may leave the workforce soon. Understanding Customer needs and requirements: The retail organizations are utilizing consumer devices in stores. The BYOD can provide better situations for presenting marketing materials (Goldes et al., 2017). Retail employees can check about available products and customer can get instant information about inventory. Flexibility in Operation: The operational flexibility may be overlooked however, for some reasons, it is most important part of BYOD scheme. Firstly, employees can be forced to do work from home or can be provided with proper accommodation so that they can work from home at situations of industrial actions, bad or unfavorable weather, and even terrorism (M'manga et al., 2017). BYOD includes the aspect of unplanned home working so that lost time can be used with workforce. Secondly, in any industry, in presence of several mergers and acquisitions, BYOD policy can help the employees by treating new company devices as under BYOD guidelines. The organization can incorporate BYOD standards with mergers as well. Finally, the organization within higher growth of business can speed up new employee outputs with BYOD policy (Vithanwattana, Mapp George, 2017). In similar point of view, employer can have short-term workers over BYOD policy so that time spent can be reduced rather spending time over provisioning new devices. Threats, Vulnerabilities and Consequences Assessment Dove (2016) opined that during project lifecycle, the risks may occur are often identified as allowing project manager for recognize and treat them as risks. The risks can cast influence over project in terms of cost, time, deliverable quality, and morale. The risk management planning included definition as the project definition, monitoring, and controlling risks through the project. Risk assessment and management plan deals with accepting risk into planning, tracking and updating risk plan along with removing risk form the plan (Halford, 2016). The escalation of risk can be made when it is necessary. Maintaining existing risk plan allows project manager to set out expectations for multiple stakeholders and sponsors, allowing team to focus over project work along with providing support when expectation fails. Factors that can affect the risk management and the factors are identified as either internal or external as policies, project objectives, politics, industry trends, historical factors, company direction, economics, social issues and others (Zahadat, 2016; Muzammal et al., 2016). BYOD risk management plan can recognize associated risks along with project and its deliverables. However, it is viewed that not every risk is negative; some risks can be positive and therefore, can increase benefits for the project. Risk Identification Risk identification is an important process where project manager gathers threat and related concern as in what could go wrong in this particular project. In this risk identification process, the project team performs identification based on risk aspects, its consequences, and likely occurrence of risks. Risk assessment provides the working team an opportunity to identify better ways to address project objectives and deliverables (Vorakulpipat et al., 2017). The risk identification can be performed with categorizing them based on risk contexts. Risk categorization can be performed for BYOD project; however, some categories should be omitted from the risk identification process. The ecological or structural risks should be omitted from BYOD project risk identification due to project nature; other areas are significant concern for the project in Altium Limited ("About Altium | Innovative PCB Design, ECAD / MCAD Collaboration EDA Software", 2017). The resulting risks are included in a table for creating risk register along with teamwork for identification and tracking them in the project. Risk Register ID Risk Trigger Event Cause Impact Owner Response plan BYOD1 Time off for primary employees Vacation calendar Employee requires time off Scheduled vacation Medium Project manager Identify additional internal resource to backfill the position BYOD2 Legal counsel as they are not reviewing policies in time Legal obligations or court appearances To gather the legal resources, court appearances or legal obligations are required Higher priority should be provided for legal instances High Project manager Can escalate the situation towards project sponsor BYOD3 Regulations or law change while considering data security on devices Regulators can pass the new or existing additional regulations to pertain data security Regulators pass laws to protect consumers Regulators pass new regulations or laws that pertains data security High Project manager Maps new regulations along with existing project controls, incorporate change management if required. BYOD4 There were no technical solutions for meeting the BYOD policy Technology solutions fail to meet compliance demands Technology is less matured Technical solutions cannot meet compliance guidelines and demands as well Medium Project manager Additional resources compensating control can be added BYOD5 Primary employee separation Primary employees should work with over extended commitments Organizations are working for more productivity with lesser people Employee are looking for job making employee not happy about company Medium Project manager The risk owner should try to consider employees and compensate with devices during the project implementation (such as iPad) BYOD6 Completion of work package before the planned date Completed work Employees are working over assignments after the work hours due to having interest of doing work Employee are obsessed with new devices and spend time exploring new applications and technology Low Project manager Project manager should leverage early compensation and perform fast tracking of activities Table 1: Risk Register and Management (Source: Created by author) Qualitative Risk Analysis The qualitative risk analysis should identify the factors that can influence different risks that are considered within project deliverables and probability of occurrence. Qualitative risk analysis sets priority for further analysis, identifying how separate risks are influential about project deliverables (Al Ayubi et al., 2016). The identification and focusing on higher priority risks, the team can emphasize over the identified risks. The outcomes from qualitative risk analysis will be helpful for team to complete qualitative risk analysis. BYOD project recognized some risks that are related with staff commitments and staff not fulfilling project commitments in time. The project will be continued within summer season that is considered for several vacations and popular for the same (Faulds et al., 2016). While task scheduling is considered, the project plan have considered some additional time within tasks accounting primary staffs with vacations. Most critical part risk is identif ied in qualitative risk analysis is scheduling legal documents and reviews (Laudon Laudon, 2016). While the in-house legal review of document is considered as milestone that one team cannot outsource to outside of the firm. Then the team can keep track of work schedules and consider legal commitments with escalating towards the project sponsor. Quantitative Risk Analysis Every risk that is identified should be considered for qualitative risk analysis for putting priority against them. On the other hand, quantitative risk analysis is not part of every project and it cannot be applied for BYOD project (Steelman, Lacity Sabherwal, 2016). The quantitative risk analysis utilizes numerical or quantitative rating associated with developing probabilistic analysis of the risks. The quantitative risk analysis needs to consider quality data, proper project mode and prioritized project risk lists (Kearns, 2016; Sadgrove, 2016). The quantitative risk analysis can lead to realistic costs, schedule, and scoping project targets. Project has faced limited deliverables and scope; this particular analysis would be essential for providing adequate benefits without any required effort. Risk Response Planning The risk responses are planned to identify the actions that should be taken for reducing threats and taking advantages of explored opportunities while risk analysis process is conducted. The risk register and management plan is considered for using inputs from risk responses. Two types of threats can exist such as negative and positive risks (Singh, Chan Zulkefli, 2017). Identified risks in risk register are generally negative and steering committee has agreed to provide combination of acceptance towards dealing with the risks. The project team have identified that only one positive risk can exploit; the main positive risk that is identified as earlier completion of work package before the planned date (Martinez, Borycki Courtney, 2017). The team did not consider this particular risk as negative risk. The considered committee accepted the risks of possible delay in work as legal team could take more time and priorities. Positive risk of finishing work can allow team for crashing do wn the activities if possible. Procurement Planning Procurement planning is another process for identification of products and services that project require for purchasing from outsider vendor. As BYOD is an internal project considering internal resources only, therefore, no specific requirement of purchasing products or service is required (Tanimoto et al., 2017). Project may face or incur some expenses in this duration, the senior executives could consider budget to consider operating expenses. Data Security As potential risks are identified in the Altium Limited organization scenario for consideration in Australian IT Sector. The growing trend in several other organizations and industries; BYOD can be considered to follow data security risks mitigation. The Altium Limited should consider the starting of allowance towards employees to work over their personal devices (Peltier, 2016; Filkins et al., 2016). The organization should choose to consider the data security on first priority, as IT sectors are evitable to work with large amount of data. The data security risks are considered as following: Access Risks: The access risk pertains in organizational profile as per the BYOD scheme. In current organization and corporation aspect, mobile devices are more consumer-oriented and the devices are susceptible to changes the way of business (Trewin et al., 2016). The computing power in business entirely casts influence over allowing consumers and employees to replace traditional end-user computing device with laptop. The BYOD concept increase security concerns and puts every organization in verge of multiple risks and threats (Russell, 2016). Organizations in different sectors such as banking, retailing, information technology, financial, and online clientele, have significant level of consideration for incorporating BYOD into business. Authentication Risks: The authentication risk exists for BYOD policy as per individual devices pose authentication threat. The organizations need to deal with new level of security considerations and data threats with personal and corporate data (Shedden et al., 2016). The risk management over personal and business data should consider appropriate level of risk mitigation planning. Therefore, the complications in this situation should devise a policy as protection of data, staffs, and customer is critical for any business to grow with its potential to the fullest (Reid Pechenkina, 2016). Ownership of data is becoming more of an issue within business that operates in regulated market. Corporate Data Risks: The corporate data risks exist for insider threats in Altium Limited organization. Several organizations have planned to implement Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy so that employees can be allowed to utilize their favorite devices with bringing down costs to accommodate devices (Dorsemaine et al., 2017). The BYOD policy-based work model is expected to complicate the data control and policies for organizations that can increase importance of having well-developed policy. Successful implementation of mobile device policy can incorporate BYOD initiative into business. Personal Data Risks: Personal data risks may exist for BYOD scheme, as the employees may not be able to keep personal data secured. The organizations and corporations should incorporate a policy to allow utilization of BYOD devices in order to protect their personal data, employee details and customer information (Gillon, 2017; Dawson, 2016). Here, in this report, Altium Limited organization required to implement BYOD policy in their business in order to improve business growth and gradual increment of profitability. Personal data is considered to be major asset for any individual employee; however, the employees should consider locking personal devices with proper and secure passwords. Conclusion To address all aspects of BYOD solution implementation; the researcher have chosen organization scenario of Altium Limited Australian organization. The mobile device is alike of having using dual-core processor in individual pocket. The businesses are becoming entirely centered towards BYOD policies to manage the individual devices in business activities and process. In the era of dynamic workload and considering all constraints of workforce, the primary consideration of accommodation is defined to be BYOD scheme. However, for faster growing organization as Altium Limited, the scheme is favorable to provide employees to use personal devices into organization premises. BYOD can provide benefits to Altium Limited work culture with prompt operations. Therefore, the chosen organization case scenario is justified along with widespread operations and management in different countries, clients, and several services. References Al Ayubi, S. U., Pelletier, A., Sunthara, G., Gujral, N., Mittal, V., Bourgeois, F. C. (2016). A Mobile App Development Guideline for Hospital Settings: Maximizing the Use of and Minimizing the Security Risks of" Bring Your Own Devices" Policies.JMIR mHealth and uHealth,4(2). About Altium | Innovative PCB Design, ECAD / MCAD Collaboration EDA Software. (2017).Altium.com. Retrieved 18 September 2017, from https://www.altium.com/company/about-altium/about-us Dawson, P. (2016). Five ways to hack and cheat with bring?your?own?device electronic examinations.British Journal of Educational Technology,47(4), 592-600. Dorsemaine, B., Gaulier, J. P., Wary, J. P., Kheir, N., Urien, P. (2017, June). A New Threat Assessment Method for Integrating an IoT Infrastructure in an Information System. InDistributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCSW), 2017 IEEE 37th International Conference on(pp. 105-112). IEEE. Dove, J. (2016). Evaluation of the suitability of the mobility common criteria protection profiles for enterprise mobility management. Faulds, M. C., Bauchmuller, K., Miller, D., Rosser, J. H., Shuker, K., Wrench, I., ... Mills, G. H. (2016). The feasibility of using bring your own device(BYOD) technology for electronic data capture in multicentre medical audit and research.Anaesthesia,71(1), 58-66. Filkins, B. L., Kim, J. Y., Roberts, B., Armstrong, W., Miller, M. A., Hultner, M. L., ... Steinhubl, S. R. (2016). Privacy and security in the era of digital health: what should translational researchers know and do about it?.American journal of translational research,8(3), 1560. Gillon, K. (2017). Technology and business risks.The Routledge Companion to Accounting and Risk, 261. Goldes, S., Schneider, R., Schweda, C. M., Zamani, J. (2017, June). Building a Viable Information Security Management System. InCybernetics (CYBCONF), 2017 3rd IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Halford, C. D. (2016).Implementing Safety Management Systems in Aviation. Routledge. Kearns, G. S. (2016). Countering mobile device threats: A mobile device security model.Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting,8(1). Laudon, K. C., Laudon, J. P. (2016).Management information system. Pearson Education India. Lobelo, F., Kelli, H. M., Tejedor, S. C., Pratt, M., McConnell, M. V., Martin, S. S., Welk, G. J. (2016). The wild wild west: A framework to integrate mhealth software applications and wearables to support physical activity assessment, counseling and interventions for cardiovascular disease risk reduction.Progress in cardiovascular diseases,58(6), 584-594. Martinelli, R. J., Milosevic, D. Z. (2016).Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Martinez, K., Borycki, E., Courtney, K. L. (2017). Bring Your Own Device and Nurse Managers Decision Making.CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing,35(2), 69-76. M'manga, A., Faily, S., McAlaney, J., Williams, C. (2017). Folk Risk Analysis: Factors Influencing Security Analysts Interpretation of Risk. Muzammal, S. M., Shah, M. A., Zhang, S. J., Yang, H. J. (2016). Conceivable security risks and authentication techniques for smart devices: A comparative evaluation of security practices.International Journal of Automation and Computing,13(4), 350-363. Peltier, T. R. (2016).Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Reid, D., Pechenkina, E. (2016). Bring-Your-Own-Device or Prescribed Mobile Technology? Investigating Student Device Preferences for Mobile Learning.Mobile learning futures: Sustaining quality research and practice in mobile learning. Rittinghouse, J. W., Ransome, J. F. (2016).Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security. CRC press. Russell, C. (2016). Assessing the risk of transformative technologies.Computer Fraud Security,2016(7), 15-19. Sadgrove, K. (2016).The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Sebescen, N., Vitak, J. (2017). Securing the human: Employee security vulnerability risk in organizational settings.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,68(9), 2237-2247. Shedden, P., Ahmad, A., Smith, W., Tscherning, H., Scheepers, R. (2016). Asset Identification in Information Security Risk Assessment: A Business Practice Approach.CAIS,39, 15. Singh, M. M., Chan, C. W., Zulkefli, Z. (2017). Security and Privacy Risks Awareness for Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Paradigm.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS,8(2), 53-62. Souppaya, M., Scarfone, K. (2016). Guide to Enterprise Telework, Remote Access, and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Security.NIST Special Publication,800, 46. Steelman, Z. R., Lacity, M., Sabherwal, R. (2016). Charting Your Organization's Bring-Your-Own-Device Voyage.MIS Quarterly Executive,15(2). Tanimoto, S., Totsuka, S., IwashitMeeting Employees Satisfaction at workConference on Network-Based Information Systems(pp. 737-749). Springer, Cham. Trewin, S., Swart, C., Koved, L., Singh, K. (2016, May). Perceptions of Risk in Mobile Transaction. InSecurity and Privacy Workshops (SPW), 2016 IEEE(pp. 214-223). IEEE. Vithanwattana, N., Mapp, G., George, C. (2017). Developing a comprehensive information security framework for mHealth: a detailed analysis.Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments, 1-19. Vorakulpipat, C., Sirapaisan, S., Rattanalerdnusorn, E., Savangsuk, V. (2017). A Policy-Based Framework for Preserving Confidentiality in BYOD Environments: A Review of Information Security Perspectives.Security and Communication Networks,2017. Zahadat, N. (2016).Mobile security: A systems engineering framework for implementing bring your own device (BYOD) security through the combination of policy management and technology(Doctoral dissertation, The George Washington University).